Design and Mathematical Modeling of the Novel Broadband mm-wave Antenna

In this paper, a balloon-shaped curved ground antenna is proposed. The mathematical analysis of the structure is done to get the minimum and maximum point of radiation of the electric field. According to this point, the curved slots on the structure are designed. The ground structure plays an essential role in determining the broadband characteristics of an antenna. The different ground structure designs are compared, and it is seen that the curved ground structure gives the optimum bandwidth. The size of the proposed structure is 30mm × 30mm with an operating frequency range of 38 GHz to > 100 GHz with a fractal bandwidth of >90%. A low loss substrate Rogers RO4232 is used for the designing of the antenna in all the phases. The dielectric constant of the substrate is 3.2 with the loss tangent of 0.0018 and thickness of 1.5mm. The software used for the antenna simulation in all the phases is ANSYS HFSS and CST Microwave Studio 2019.