Planar and Spatial Analysis of Transients in Impedance Angle during Faults and Power Swing

This article provides a detailed analysis of transients observed in impedance angle plane $(\theta-\mathrm{d} \theta / \mathrm{dt})$ with respect to time (t) thus providing a spatial understanding during faults and power swing. Transients during power swing are of very low frequency while the transients due to faults are of high frequency. The locus of impedance angle was observed in transmission lines during power swing for different intensities of disturbances, different power factors and different swinging frequencies in the presence of faults. The observed difference in transients during faults and power swing becomes the basis for demarcating faults and power swing in the impedance angle plane.