Algorithm-based Dynamic Formal Model for Forest Fire Detection & Extinguishment System

Forests are an essential aspect of the natural world and play an impactful role in environmental protection. In addition, the forest is recognized as the most significant and essential resource, as the protection of the ecosystem of the world is based on forests. The forest fire is deemed one of the most serious catastrophes that devastated the protection of forest resources and vulnerable to human-living habitats. Therefore, the identification of fire is necessary for the initial stages, until it spreads to wide areas and damages natural resources. Most of the previous systems devolved for detecting the fire, and have not been formally studied and verified. In this paper, a system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) and Unmanned Ariel Vehicles, is presented for detecting, verifying, and extinguishing forest fire. Different sensors are assumed in the subnet-based mechanism; sensors will detect the fire and send that information to the control room through gateways. UAV’s will be used to verify the fire information received from sensors and to extinguish the fire. The algorithm is designed from system’s conceptual architecture, then with the help of (VDM-SL) Vienna Development Method Specification Language that algorithm is converted into an appropriate formal model. Using distinct VDM-SL toolbox facilities, the correctness of the model is guaranteed.