Optimal PMU Positioning Considering the Effect of Zero Injection Buses in Advanced Grid Monitoring

For total observability, zero-injection buses (ZIBs) can lower the required number of phasor measurement units (PMUs) that just be placed. A set of adjoining ZIBs has been shown to lower the number of PMUs required even further. Except for few heuristic methods, the effect of a ZIBs group has not been incorporated into the modeling of PMU placement using mathematical methodologies. This paper presents the alternative deterministic algorithms for optimal location of PMU with the purpose of linear static state estimation of electrical grid networks. The first approach, called Depth First Search (DFS), finds multiple solutions with a minimal number of PMUs, while the second way, called Simulated Annealing (SA) is based on metallurgical annealing, and the third method, named Integer Linear Programming (ILP). The best place for all of the buses to be seen was determined using these methods. The test was carried out on a number of IEEE test networks. The results of heuristic-based techniques are examined and contrasted.