Optimal Design of Electrical Safety and Protection Systems for Hybrid Electric Cars

Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are the primary sources of energy at the moment. However, oil, natural gas, and coal will run out in 53 years, 54 years, and 110 years, respectively, at present production rates. Aside from depleting fossil fuel sources, there is an ever-increasing need for a cleaner, more efficient form of transportation. This has acted as a catalyst for the development of electrical mobility. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) have progressed beyond their early stages and are proving to be a potential solution to the planet's actual existential problem. The energy storage system, motor, and bidirectional converter are the three major components of HEVs. The performance of HEVs is extremely dependent on these parts and their design. To safeguard the driver from the dangers posed by high voltage sources, safety and protection measures are equally important. Customers' safety is of prime importance for commercialization of HEVs. As a result, the vehicle's shutdown system plays a crucial role in protecting the vehicle's health and the driver's safety. This research focuses on the major factors involved in the development of an FSAE hybrid electric car and provides an optimal shutdown system design while considering the risks and dangers in accordance with Formula Hybrid Competition rules.