An Analytical Procedure to Evaluate Optimal Restoration Path with Multiple Blackstart Units Including Inverter Based Resources

Around the world, restoration is treated as a critical aspect of power system operations and planning. The timeline of a restoration process starts when a blackout (or a widespread outage) is recognized and ends when the power system reaches a normal operating state. An increase in percentage of inverter-based resources (IBRs) displacing conventional rotational machines in the bulk power system has prompted planners to reassess restoration plans and strategies. In this paper, a novel analytical procedure developed to determine restoration energization paths will be discussed. This procedure is developed in the form of a decision support mechanism which power system operators and planners can leverage to develop, evaluate, and revise system restoration plans. Additionally, an example use of this procedure to blackstart a system using an IBR will be showcased using detailed time domain simulations.