Propagation characteristics of Urban and Highway Vehicle-to-Everything(V2X) Channels at 5.9 GHz

Channel estimation using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) delay and Doppler information is important in several wireless applications, like resource management, adaptive modulation and coding, channel assignment, and localization. An experimental study of the delay-Doppler and stationary distance properties of V2X wireless channels at 5.9 GHz in both urban metropolitan and highway environments are presented. The measurements and results of delay spread and K factor are described. Also, to reflect the measured environment, a certain distance that meets the wide-sense stationary (WSS) condition in the 5.9 GHz V2X environment is additionally proposed. In the V2X channel environment which was not included in the existing channel model, several parameters are extracted and proposed. These propagation characteristics such as stationary distance, delay spread, K-factor, and Doppler shift based on various channel measurements, will be useful for research on V2X radio communications.