A Ring Shaped Frequency Reconfigurable Microstrip Planar Antenna with Suspended Ground for Multi-Band Wireless Application

A novel base antenna is proposed in this paper, it is a ring-shaped structure with a square almost circumscribed,
$22 \times 22$
mm
²
in size. With a defective ground structure and a suspended ground 1.171cm away from ground. The antenna designed is 81.9% efficient at 10.157 GHz with 4.345 dBi. Further frequency reconfigurability is introduced by controlling four pin diodes due to which the antenna works in C band, Ku band apart from X band with return loss less than −10 dB. Gain of the antenna is observed in the range of 3–6 dBi at different frequencies. The antenna works for different modern wireless applications such as radar application, satellite purpose and disaster management.