Location and Estimation of a Shunt Fault in Electric Transmission Line

This paper describes a diagnosis scheme based on a distributed adaptive observer identifying a shunt fault of a long transmission line. A conductance deterioration in a specific point is assumed. Considering that the hyperbolic partial differential equations govern the electric transmission line, fault location and estimation are obtained by means of an adaptive distributed observer with only available measurements at the boundary. The key ingredient in the approach is the separation of the fault magnitude in the model from its position into two consecutive tasks. This is achieved by means of an adequately selected canonical transformation of original variables and an adaptive observer design for the transformed system. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated by a numerical simulation in a long electrical transmission line of 300km.