Energy Hub Design in the Presence of P2G System Considering the Variable Efficiencies of Gas-Fired Converters

This paper presents a scenario-based framework for energy hub (EH) design considering the variable efficiencies of gas-fired converters, wind turbines and integrated demand response (IDR) programs. The proposed hub is able to meet the electrical, heating and cooling demands and is also equipped with a power-to-gas (P2G) system. Electrical, cooling, and heating loads uncertainties have been taken into account and the final problem is modeled as a mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problem. The P2G system is precisely modeled and its impacts on hub planning, emission, and the efficiency of gas-fired converters are thoroughly investigated. The results demonstrate that the P2G system reduced CO
2
emissions by 37.4% by consuming CO
2
emitted by gas-fired units. In addition, the results indicate that the P2G system injects hydrogen into the gas-fired units and increases their efficiencies. Therefore, the generation rate of these units has increased and consequently a smaller capacity has been installed for them. Numerical results illustrate that the presence of the P2G system has led to a reduction of 7.7% and 16.2% of investment and operation costs, respectively. Finally, the results indicate that the implementation of the IDR program reduces the installed capacity of the equipment, thereby reducing 3.3% of total cost. Overall, the results prove that the implementation of IDR programs along with the installation of the P2G system lead to reduce costs and CO
2
emissions.