Biomass Heater - Constructive and control particularity

The paper presents the particular aspects of biomass powered kilns. The study covers both constructive - functional as well as automation aspects. The paper is structured in three parts. The first part presents the historical evolution of biomass kilns, bringing forward aspects of the investment and exploitation costs, as well as the environmental aspect. The second part is dedicated to the presentation of the particularities of the biomass-based thermal power plants. Here, the structural elements of a biomass heating plant and the design of combustion outbreaks of biomass are thoroughly presented. The third part presents the constructive and automation aspects of a steam boiler that uses the residues from the production of the cooking oil as fuel. The technological operations of a cooking oil producer plant and the constituent elements of a steam boiler using biomass as fuel are presented in detail. The steam boiler is equipped with measuring, signalling, regulating and protective systems. The transducers specific to the use of biomass as fuel, namely the rotary level transducer, the Vortex flow transducer, as well as actuators, like the three-phase electric motors controlled by static frequency converters are also presented. Finally, the structure of the temperature control system from fire outbreak of the kiln is presented. The accent has been placed of the particularity of the transducer and finally control element.