A Multi-Application Energy Management of Behind-the-Meter Battery Energy Storage System

Over the past few years, there has been a dramatic growth in penetration of the behind-the-meter (BTM) distributed energy resources (DERs), including small-scale renewable energy sources (RES), interfaced with battery energy storage systems (BESS) deployed at the customer premises and behind the customers' meters. The BESS is yet costly and a single-application usage of them may not cover the storage installation costs, whereas a combination of BESS applications is more likely to justify the expenses. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization approach to schedule the charging and discharging power of the BTM BESS aiming at minimizing the prosumer's daily operation costs based on time-of-use (TOU) energy price and on-peak demand charges. A linear model of the prosumer's optimization problem is presented and solved through mixed-integer linear programming (MILP). The proposed approach is applied to a case study defined in the IEEE 123-bus distribution network. The results show a promising reduction in prosumer's daily operation costs. Application synergy of the proposed approach and several grid services is also investigated through measuring the peak reduction and energy time-shift for the entire network.