A review on gain enhancement techniques of microstrip antenna

Recently, a lot of research has been carried out to improve the performance of microstrip antenna specially in terms of their gain. In this paper, several techniques invented in past to improve the gain of antenna has been investigated and summarized. The various techniques include the addition of frequency selective surface (FSS), metallic reflectors, parasitic patches, superstrate, shorting pins and partial substrate removal. This paper gives an in-depth review of various techniques in terms of gain improvement and ease of implementation in microstrip antennas used for various wireless applications. This paper helps to decide the best technique of gain improvement for microstrip antennas.