Visual Attention Based LSB Data Hiding in 360° Videos

In this paper, we propose a visual attention based least significant bit (LSB) data hiding method for 360° videos. In particular, information about the relative frequency of pixel access is used to control the amount of secret data to be hidden at the different latitudes of 360° videos. In this way, the typical behavior of users paying more attention to the equator region compared to the north and south poles when viewing 360° videos on a head-mounted display is taken into account. An analytical expression for capacity offered by this method to hide secret data in 360° cover videos is derived. A performance assessment of the visual attention based LSB data hiding method is conducted in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and weighted-to-spherically-uniform PSNR (WS-PSNR) which both quantify the fidelity of a 360° stego-video with reference to the related 360° cover video.