The Anisotropy and Polarization of Stress-Induced Microwave Radiation Changes in Granite and Their Significance for Seismic Remote Sensing

Incidence angles ( θ) and polarization modes ( p) are the essential factors for detecting earthquake (EQ)-related microwave radiation anomalies. However, their influences are still not well studied. In this article, research was carried out to simulate the observation of satellite on EQ under different θ and p. The microwave observation experiments were performed on granite samples pressed with θ from 0° to 30°, as well as vertical (v) to horizontal (h) polarizations under weak radiation environment. It was found that the stress-induced changes ( ΔT
_B
) in the samples' microwave brightness temperature ( T
_B
) are anisotropic and polarized. It was observed that the trends of ΔT
_B
may be reversed under different θ ( p), with a probability of 57.14% (14.29%). The magnitude of ΔT
_B
at h is also prone to greater changes than that at v, with a probability of 67.86%. Theoretical analysis was performed based on crystal optics, Fresnel formulas, and dielectric physics. This phenomenon may relate to the combined action of piezoelectric effect, extension and contraction of ionic bonds, and turning-direction polarization. The sensitivity of T
_B
to the change in permittivity was analyzed by theoretical simulation in order to reveal the effects of modification in θ and p on the T
_B
change in stress of rock. For rocks with permittivity ε = 7 - i0.3, the most and least sensitive θ are near 52° at h polarization and 69° at v polarization, respectively. Finally, the significance of these results was discussed.