Optimal Sizing of Battery Energy Storage System in Smart Microgrid with Air-conditioning Resources

In the microgrid with high photovoltaic (PV) penetration, the optimal sizing of battery energy storage system (BESS) has been a trending research topic in recent years. Simultaneously, the high energy consumption of air-conditioned households is attracting increasing attention currently. In this paper, an optimal sizing method of BESS is developed for a smart microgrid with PV systems and air-conditioning resources. The proposed model is divided into two layers. In the first layer, the initial size of BESS is determined with consideration of photovoltaic output power and thermal buffering characteristics of air-conditioned households. In the second layer, the optimal size of BESS is proposed to minimize the system overall cost including BESS construction investment and microgrid system operation cost. The model is solved by differential evolutionary algorithm and iterative algorithms. Case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.