2D Solid-State Nanopore Field-Effect Transistors: Comprehensive Computational Methodology for Biosensing Applications

State-of-the-Art technologies for the implementation of solid-state nanopores for molecular biosensing are reviewed in this article, with an emphasis on the use of 2D material membranes. Specific advantages of these 2D materials are their ability to read biomolecular information by electronic current variations along the nanoporous membranes. This review outlines a comprehensive computational approach combining molecular dynamics with semiconductor modeling and statistical signal processing to analyze the detailed interaction between biomolecules and solid-state nanopores. The technique is illustrated with three important biomedical applications, i.e., deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing, epigenetic detection of DNA methylation, and identification of backbone breakage sites along double strand DNA (dsDNA).