Design Method for Negative Refractive Index Metamaterials by Using a Distributed Transmission-Line Model

A design method for negative refractive index (NRI) metamaterials is proposed based on the transmission-line (TL) approach. A distributed TL model is introduced to the design and the design formulas are shown. A NRI lens operating at 3.85 GHz is designed with the model as an example. The operation and the validity of the design method are exhibited from the calculated results by circuit simulations with a SPICE simulator.