Sustainable Urban Development through Reducing Green House Emissions: A New Framework for Replacing Fossil-Fuel Vehicles with Electronic Vehicles

Replacing fossil-fuel vehicles with electronic vehicles is one of the most significant strategies to achieve sustainable development in urban areas. However, the process of this replacement is affected by many factors and the ambiguity involved makes it difficult to make decisions for a systematic transition. Battery Electric Vehicles. Presenting genuine metrics and introducing and focusing on effective factors, this paper presents a model and framework to facilitate the selection of electric vehicles as the alternatives for fossil-fuel vehicles. Extensive research on the specifications of vehicles and the statistics and figures related to the economic aspects of vehicles, including the fuel and charge costs and technical aspect such as the fuel and charge consumption are presented in variety of tables. At the end, tangible examples are provided to illustrate the practical aspects of the proposed framework. Moreover, to reduce air pollution, fossil-powered generator could be replaced by solar generators. Moreover, due to the specific climate conditions of Malaysia that is located near the equator, the solar solutions ate on the desk.