Sub-6 GHz 5G Multilayer Base Station Antenna for Outdoor Localization Technique

In this paper, a new multi-layer antenna design for sub-6 GHz fifth generation (5G) base station terminal is proposed and applied for outdoor localization applications. The antenna structure is consisted of three layers with a full ground plane located at the middle layer. Single negative metamaterial (SNG) unit cell with negative permittivity (ε <; 0) is designed and placed at the reverse side of the patch. The simulated results show that the proposed antenna has a bandwidth of 375 MHz which covers 3.25 to 3.625 GHz with a good impedance matching by 78.7% enlargement compared with the conventional antenna without metamaterial. The maximum attained gain is 5.87 dBi at 3.5 GHz. Besides being high bandwidth achievement, the proposed antenna radiates directionally with 97% and 96.5% as a maximum radiation and total efficiency, respectively. The proposed antenna radiates with wide-beam which has 3 dB angular beam widths of 105 and 220.8 degree in xz and xy planes, respectively. Moreover, A site of Multimedia University (MMU) at Malaysia is chosen as an investigated scenario to validate the 5G antenna performance for outdoor localization estimation purpose which satisfy with FCC standard. Fifteen mobile users have been distributed on the selective area whereas the proposed antenna is applied as a single base station.