Analysis and Transition Techniques for a Bidirectional DC–DC Converter

This article proposes two new pulsewidth modulation (PWM) schemes, namely, asynchronous PWM scheme (APS) and synchronous PWM scheme (SPS), for a nonisolated fourth-order bidirectional dc-dc converter (FOBDC), which are implemented to achieve a smooth start-up operation and mode transition to reverse the direction of power flow. The presented FOBDC is reported already in the literature as a unidirectional boost converter, the functionality of which is modified in this work, to enable bidirectional power flow. The FOBDC can operate in either discharging (Mode-I) or charging (Mode-II) mode. The overshoot/undershoot of inductor currents in the FOBDC occur during converter start-up operation in either of the modes and while transitioning modes (from charging to discharging and vice-versa). To eliminate the overshoot/undershoot of inductor current, two effective transition techniques are developed for smooth start-up operation and mode transition, thereby reducing the delay time significantly. The FOBDC is modeled using the state-space modeling technique, and duty ratio-to-inductor current transfer function is derived, which is validated for resistive load and battery load. Two different compensators are designed for these two transfer functions to achieve an average current-mode control (ACMC) during the charging and discharging modes of operation. The performance of the compensators is evaluated by introducing perturbations. A 12-48-V FOBDC converter, controlled by these PWM techniques with the aforementioned features, is designed, analyzed, and experimentally verified for low-power applications.