Potential Agricultural and Biomedical Applications of Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Activated Liquids With Self-Organized Patterns Formed at the Interface

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has become a topical research area due to its diverse applications in agriculture, medicine, environment, materials, energy, nanotechnology, and other fields. Plasmas in contact with liquids form marked sensitivity patterns at the interface depending on controlling parameters, including gas species, driving current, gas flow rate, gap length, and electrolyte conductivity. This review overviews basic aspects of plasmas inducing self-organization including computational and experimental studies and potential applications of such plasmas-treated liquids in agriculture and medicine. Representative experimental evidence of self-organized pattern (SOP) in diverse types of plasma discharges is reviewed. Generation and transport of reactive species in SOP plasma and SOP plasma interacting with liquids are introduced and discussed from their potential applications in agriculture and medicine.