Improving grid security in the presence of a high penetration of RES through optimal planning and operation of distributed energy storage devices

In this paper an evolutionary algorithm for the sizing and siting of distributed energy storage systems is presented. The algorithm's objective is to maximize the penetration levels of renewable energy sources present in the network, while maintaining network's security standards. The algorithm is applied for multiple network congestion scenarios and in the presence of high renewable energy production levels. Due to the non-convex nature of the problem the Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) was used. Additionally, the intrinsic parameters of the EPSO algorithm were studied and selected in order to optimize its behaviour in the search for robust solutions for this problem. Furthermore, the contributions from the algorithm for the provision of extra flexibility to the power system with resort to dispersed energy storage systems are analysed and tested using IEEE 14 bus network.