Design, Performance, and Defect Density Analysis of Efficient Eco-Friendly Perovskite Solar Cell

With the advancement of technology, highly efficient eco-friendly perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are desirable candidates for energy applications. In this article, we propose a design approach and potentiality of promising Pb-free PSC to analyze the different parameters. Different design strategies and factors such as defect density, characteristic decay energies, and capture cross section area have investigated using device simulation software. The defects in absorber layer are modeled by using exponentially decaying band tails for shallow-level defects and Gaussian distribution for the deep-level defects. By optimizing the device parameters, we have achieved a simulated conversion efficiency of 13.35% with open-circuit voltage (V
_oc
) = 0.89 V, short circuit current density (J
_sc
) = 22.79 mA/cm
²
, and a fill factor (FF) = 65.28% under AM1.5G illumination. We have also studied the impact of absorber layer thickness and interface defect density on the performance of the solar cell. These simulation results can aid researchers in a reasonable choice of materials and optimally design high-performance PSC.