Stochastic Online Generation Control of Cascaded Run-of-the-River Hydropower for Mitigating Solar Power Volatility

To exploit the massive solar energy available in the region, photovoltaic plants have been built in the mountain areas in Southwest China, coexisting with many small cascaded run-of-the-river hydropower plants, interconnected by short-distance transmission lines. Network constraints inside these systems are often negligible. However, due to the volatile nature of solar power and the weak connection to the external power grid, without proper coordination, solar power curtailment and water spillage are inevitable. To address this issue, this paper proposes an ultra-short-term stochastic generation control method for cascaded hydropower to mitigate solar power volatility. Two technical challenges are specifically addressed: to tackle the time-varying stochastic volatility of solar power, the Itô process model is introduced; to characterize the spatial-temporal hydraulic coupling of the cascaded hydropower plants and river operation constraints, a state-space dynamic river model derived from shallow water equations is included. Followingly, a stochastic control (SC) approach for hydropower generation based on stochastic programming is proposed, where hydropower generation commands are parameterized as affine functions of measured solar power, enabling quick response to solar power volatility. Simulation of a real-life cascaded hydro-solar system and a modified system verifies the proposed control method.