Design and Analysis of Recursive Square Fractal Antenna for WLAN Applications

In this article, a Recursive square fractal antenna has been designed for WLAN applications. A fractal is a self similar structure that enhances the effective length of the patch that transmit/receive electromagnetic radiations. The proposed antenna consists of three layers namely Patch (Perfect Electrical Conductor), Dielectric material (FR-4 with permittivity 4.4) and Ground plane (Perfect Electrical Conductor) and it is fed using a quarter wavelength transmission line for better input impedance. The overall geometry of the fractal antenna is 30mmx30mmx1.6mm and it is designed and simulated in HFSS platform. The output has been analyzed for different iteration made on the radiating patch, the difference in the radiating frequency, return loss, bandwidth, gain and directivity in four different iterations has been compared. The radiating frequency for all different iterations ranges from 4.95 GHz to 5.15 GHz which can be used for WLAN applications. The proposed Recursive square fractal antenna design using Iterated Function System (IFS) shows the improvements in the simulation parameters while increasing the number of iteration. Thus, the simulation results obtained show the S11 output in zeroth iteration is -21.31dB for 5.151GHz, whereas fourth iteration it is -59.66dB for 4.98 GHz.