Black Start by HVdc-connected Offshore Wind Power Plants

The current practice of power system restoration mainly relies on conventional power plants, which can provide black start in case of a black out using fossil fuels. HVdc-connected offshore wind power plants can, on the other hand, provide fast and environmentally friendly solutions for power system restoration, once their state of the art wind turbines are equipped with the grid-forming capability. In this paper, the background and existing solutions for wind turbine and wind power plant self-energization and onshore grid black start are presented, together with simulation results of an offshore wind power plant sequentially energizing the offshore ac network, offshore HVdc terminal, HVdc link, onshore HVdc terminal, and onshore ac terminal and load.