EMC Normes for Testing Electric and Hybrid Cars

In the past years, electric and hybrid cars have become more and more important due to growing concerns about global pollution. Electric and hybrid vehicles started to grow their number and by 2025 it is estimated that 30 % of all vehicle sales will be electric and hybrid. Developments in the design and improvement of technologies for rechargeable batteries, motors and controllers make again electric vehicles a viable option for transportation. The complexity of vehicle electrical and electronics systems introduces new issues for electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). The rapid development of the automotive industry and the trend towards autonomous machines using advanced driver-assistance systems, make electromagnetic compatibility design and test scenarios to be more sophisticated and rigorous. Vehicle architecture is becoming increasingly complex, including electronic devices that require a reliable function without compromising security or communications infrastructure. With the introduction of wireless communications in the vehicle, there is a need for high performance systems that require high transfer rates and hence higher frequencies, depending on the operating environment. Each of these subsystems must comply with electromagnetic compatibility standards. The paper presents the main categories of electromagnetic demands and immunity problems that arise between major components of the vehicle. In the second part of this article are highlighted the revised electromagnetic compatibility international standards for automotive industry with reference to the phenomena described above. To ensure electromagnetic compatibility of electrical/electronic components and immunity of electric vehicles with the environment, the EMC regulations must be applied.