Optimization of A Wideband Planar Sparse Array Based on Danzer Aperiodic Tiling

This paper presents our study on the effect of perturbing variables and array size in optimizing a planar sparse array based on Danzer aperiodic tiling. A side lobe level below -12 dB has been achieved within a wide bandwidth from f
₀
to 10 f
₀
in a circular disk with radius of 5λ
₀
, while below -14.2 dB in a circular disk with radius of 10λ
₀
. It is also demonstrated that covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) has outperformed other evolutionary algorithms, i.e. genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO).