A Simple Two-stage detector for Massive MIMO Systems with one-bit ADCs

In massive multiple-input multiple-output (m-MIMO) systems, the expensive analog to digital converters (ADCs) with high power consumption, connected to the base station (BS) antennas have become a bottleneck for practical implementation of this technology. Motivated by this, a pair of one-bit ADCs connected to each antenna has been proposed recently to provide more energy efficiency (EE) in such m-MIMO systems. In this paper, a two-stage detector with one-bit ADCs based on the zero-forcing (ZF) and maximum likelihood (ML) detectors is proposed for the uplink of a single cell multiuser m-MIMO system. The proposed detector outperforms the ZF detector and its performance is similar to the ML detector with much lower complexity. In addition, we study the case where we have some hardware impairments and develop a proper detecor based on the ZF and ML detectors. Simulation results show that this detector also performs close to the ML detector in the same scenario.