Novel Genetic Algorithm with Efficient Routing Paradigm for Multi-hop WSNs

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged from the last three decades along with many applications including tracking and monitoring. Due to limited batteries of WSNs, the computation and processing power is limited depending on the efficiency of the routing paradigm in use. This paper presents a Genetic Algorithm (GA) to optimize and determine the routes among the nodes to/from the sink, minimizing the energy expenditures. In intensive experiments with 40 nodes set in an adhoc manner of a WSN field, GA performed comparatively better than threshold sensitive energy efficient sensor network (TEEN) protocol under various deployments. The TEEN protocol is observed to lose its 25 nodes on the 2500 nodes and all of the nodes dead up to 4000 rounds, whereas the proposed algorithm has saved many of the nodes on the same number of rounds. The approach can be extended to various scenarios with the increased size of the nodes, sinks and the network.