Supervised Deep Learning Based for Traffic Flow Prediction

In metropolitan areas, common traffic issues include traffic congestion, traffic accidents, air pollution, and energy consumption occur. To resolve this issues, Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have been evolved by many researchers. One of the important sub-systems in the development of ITS is a Traffic Management System (TMS) which attempts to reduce a traffic congestion. In fact, TMS itself relies on the estimation of traffic flow, therefore providing such an accurate traffic flow prediction is needed. For this reason, we aim to provide an accurate traffic flow prediction to facilitate this system. In this works, a Supervised Deep Learning Based Traffic Flow Prediction (SDLTFP) was proposed which is a type of fully-connected deep neural network (FC-DNN). Timely prediction is also a major issue in guaranteeing reliable traffic flow prediction. However, training a deep network could be time-consuming, and overfitting is might be happening, especially when feeding small data into the deep architecture. The network is learned perfectly during the training, but in testing with the new data, it could fail to generalize the model. We adopt the Batch Normalization (BN) and Dropout techniques to help the network training. SGD and momentum are carried out to update the weight. We then take advantage of open data as historical traffic data which are then used to predict future traffic flow with the proposed method and model above. Experiments show that the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) for our traffic flow prediction is within 5 % using sample data and between 15% to 20% using out of the sample data. Training a deep network faster with BN and Dropout reduces the overfitting.