Retracted: Multi-Level Performance Shape Memory Alloy-Based Lead Rubber Bearing

In order to reduce residual strain and displacement response of the bridge at different levels of seismic action, by combining the merits of both lead rubber bearing and shape-memory alloy, a multi-level performance shape memory alloy-based lead rubber bearing is proposed. The preliminary design of this device is introduced. In addition, it is numerically modeled in OpenSEES to gain insight into its dynamic constitutive model. It is found that this new type of bearing theoretically has many advantages such as multi-level performance, good self-centering capability and small residual deformation so that it can achieve the multi-level performance requirements of bridges during different earthquake levels. The preliminary study shows its great development prospect. Further experimental works are needed to confirm these merits.