Pre-matched Eigenmode Antenna With Polarization and Pattern Diversity

In this paper, we propose an antenna design procedure based on the eigenmode decomposition technique, which avoids the use of the external matching networks that are typically required at the input ports of the mode decomposition network (MDN). We illustrate the technique by examining the properties of a circularly symmetrical four-port antenna configuration, which can achieve four orthogonal radiation patterns or eigenpatterns that allow both polarization and pattern diversity. We then use the proposed theory to design an actual antenna structure with eigenmodes operating around 2.6 GHz and whose eigenpatterns are directed in one hemisphere. The antenna and an example MDN are manufactured and tested showing that the four eigenmodes can simultaneously operate within 9.5% of bandwidth (RL > 10 dB) with a worst case total radiation efficiency of 72%, correlation coefficient of 0.04, and port coupling of -24 dB. Finally, we use the measured results to assess the antenna in a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) communication system and demonstrate its beam-tilting capability.