Observations of Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances in the mid-latitudes using combined Ionosphere sounding

An experiment system for the ionosphere combined sounding is established based on the Stations-Net of the National Radio Environment Monitor. The system, which monitors the ionosphere for the presence of traveling ionospheric disturbances (T.I.D.s.), includes various instruments of ionosphere detection, such as backscatter sounding, vertical sounding, and oblique sounding. The characteristics of T.I.D.s. in the vertical, oblique, and backscatter propagation with radio in the ionosphere are described using the model and ray trace method. Through an analysis of the experiment system of sweep and fixed frequency sounding data in the coverage of both distance (500 km to over 2500 km) and azimuth (60°), the technical feasibility of distinguishing the presence of T.I.D.s. is explored. And the parameters of T.I.D.s. are also obtained. The monitoring capability of the experiment system for T.I.D.s. is demonstrated through long term experimental data at mid-latitudes, which is the mesh of monitoring areas of backscatter sounding and the ionosphere combined sounding with multi-monitoring means.