Demand Response of Electric Vehicles for Building Integrated Energy System

Building integrated energy system (BIES) is the terminal node of the regional integrated energy system (IES), which is coupled with a variety of energy networks such as electricity, gas, heat and transportation, and it can use energy resources more efficiently. Based on the controllable load characteristics of electric vehicles (EVs), a demand response (DR) model of EVs for BIES is investigated in this paper. By establishing the model of BIES with EV access and the pricing mechanism of energy operator in building, a DR model for the operation of BIES with EVs is proposed. Taking a typical day in winter as an example, the simulation and verification of the proposed DR model are carried out. The simulation results show that BIES promotes the efficient conversion and utilization of energy at the end-user level and improves the system's acceptability for the charging loads of EVs. The DR of EVs can increase the space and flexibility of the coordinated operation of the heat and electricity in IES, improve the utilization of photovoltaic, reduce the user-side heat, electricity load energy costs and the charging cost of the owners significantly, and it also has the peak shaving effect to the system during peak hours.