Electric Vehicles for merchandise transportation: Integrated planning taking into acount the electrical distribution system

Electric Vehicles (EVs) represent an option that contributes substantively to improve mobility and decrease pollution, generating great expectations for the future of transportation sector, with pilot projects of companies using EVs for delivering products. In this work, a novel approach for optimal planning of EVs for cargo transportation is presented, considering battery swap stations (BSSs) location and the impact on the power distribution network (PDN). This integrated planning is formulated through a mixed integer linear programming mathematical model. To evaluate the model performance three test systems of different sizes are proposed (considering transportation network and PDN). The results show a tradeoff between EVs routing, energy losses of PDN and BSSs location.