A Multilayer and Event-Triggered Voltage and Frequency Management Technique for Microgrid’s Central Controller Considering Operational and Sustainability Aspects

This paper proposes a management technique which will retain the voltage and frequency of standalone microgrids (MGs) within a predefined safe zone at least cost using a multilayer scheme. The proposed technique considers the sustainability and dynamic supply adequacy aspects of the MG whilst considering the operational costs which accrue during the continuous variations of its demand and renewable generation. This technique takes action immediately following the occurrence of events that violate the MGs voltage or frequency. It then adjusts the optimal generation levels for the dispatchable sources and determines the best configuration of the MG's network. It also proceeds to optimize the internal support by controlling the charge or discharge power of the existing battery storages as well as curtailing the renewable sources and adjusting the loads. The proposed technique is a short-horizon operation-stage algorithm which uses a metaheuristic optimization at the MG's central controller to analyze the status and costs of the MG components to determine the appropriate actions to implement. The performance of the developed technique is validated through extensive numerical analyzes in MATLAB.