Pooled Frequency Restoration Reserve Provision by Wind Farms and Controllable Energy Units

This paper presents an approach to quantify the reliability or security level of a pool of flexibility providing controllable energy units (CEUs). In this pool, a backup unit secures the flexibility capacity of the largest flexibility providing unit. The security level is then applied to determine the flexibility capacity of a common pool of wind farms and CEUs, making use of probabilistic wind forecasts. The paper advances previous research conducted in a joint project with industry partners on Frequency Restoration Reserve (FRR) provision of pools of wind farms and controllable power plants.