Real-time eye tracking for password authentication

Personal identification numbers are widely used for user authentication and security. Password authentication using PINs requires users to physically input the PIN, which could be vulnerable to password cracking via shoulder surfing or thermal tracking. PIN authentication with hands-off gaze-based PIN entry techniques, on the other hand, leaves no physical footprints behind and therefore offer a more secure password entry option. Gaze-based authentication refers to finding the eye location across sequential image frames, and tracking eye center over time. This paper presents a real-time application for gaze-based PIN entry, and eye detection and tracking for PIN identification using a smart camera.