HFSA-SORA: Hybrid firefly simulated annealing based spectrum opportunistic routing algorithm for Cognitive Radio Ad hoc Networks (CRAHN)

Cognitive Radio (CR) is one of the well developed technologies extensively used for raising the spectrum performance for constructing opportunistic transmission links. Sustaining to the routing function on top of opportunistic links is a mandatory for transporting packets in a CR Ad hoc Network (CRAHN) holding the cooperative relay multi-radio systems. However, there is insufficient understanding of these highly dynamic opportunistic links, bandwidth, throughput, Link duration, Spectrum propagation and a reliable end-to-end transportation mechanism over the CRAHN. To elucidate these problems two Spectrum Map Opportunistic Routing (SMOR) algorithms such as SMOR-1 and SMOR-2 are proposed for regular and large-scale CRAHNs with wireless fading channels. However satisfying the network bandwidth, delivery ratio and the analysis to deal with transmission delay over such opportunistic links becomes important aspect. In order the solve the case and meet above stated limitations Hybrid Firefly Simulated Annealing based Spectrum Opportunistic Routing Algorithm(HFSA-SORA) is projected to the concerning of the spectrum map from local and global spectrum sensing information. A key beneficence of this HFSA-SORA is to the map the above mentioned metrics, and local Primary User (PU) interference observations in the direction of a packet forwarding delay over the opportunistic links. This permits the multipath formation undertaken over a large-scale CRAHNs to grasp the environmental and spectrum information for all the intermediate nodes, thereby degrading the computational overhead at the endpoint. From the theoretical derivations, propose HFSA-SORA for regular and large-scale CRAHNs with wireless fading channels, employing a cooperative networking scheme to enable multipath transmissions. Simulations substantiate that HFSA-SORA solutions enjoy significant breakage of end-to-end delay, reduction of network bandwidth, and minimum packet loss, attain a higher throughput and lesser communication overhead for CRAHNs.