A Review of and a Proposal for Cross-Layer Design for Efficient Routing and Secure Data Aggregation over WSN

Sensors these days are ubiquitous. They are in homes, factories, farms and just about everywhere. For distributed sensing requirements, several sensors are deployed and connected on a wireless media forming a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). Sensor nodes communicate with each other and with a base station (BS). In this paper we first review recent work which is focused on cross-layer WSN design techniques based on the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model. Sensor nodes are often clustered and cluster heads (CH) are used to route data to the BS. We have also reviewed constraints-based routing algorithms which select a routing path satisfying administrative-oriented or Quality of Service-oriented (QoS-oriented) constraints. The algorithms minimize costs, balance network load, or increase security. Previous works of cross-layer design for malicious node identification, diagonal data aggregation and route adjustments were deficient to support WSN. The major problem was higher energy consumption and congestion during data aggregation. To overcome all the limitations and the problems that exist in cross layer design of WSN, we have proposed a novel design in this paper.