Comprehensive modeling and joint optimization of ice thermal and battery energy storage with provision of grid services

Ice storage systems (ISSs) are deployed in many cooling systems to shift cooling load from peak to low periods, and to enhance service reliability by backing up cooling capacity in case of shortage. To enhance the reliability of power supply, industry is considering using battery energy storage systems (ESSs) to provide backup power. However, the high cost of ESSs requests an efficient use of them to generate additional benefits. In this paper, we study the joint scheduling of ISSs and ESSs to maximize their integrative benefits. Specifically, the ESSs are used to reduce the electricity bill, support frequency regulation, and assist the ISSs in offering contingency reserve to the grid. The joint scheduling and optimization enable a cooling system to dispatch ISSs and ESSs in a near optimal way such that the total energy cost is minimized in the short run and significantly reduced in the long run. The overall system reliability is also enhanced by respecting strong operational constraints imposed on various aspects of the cooling system.