A multi-agent system for energy management in smart microgrids with distributed energy storage and demand response

This paper proposes a multi-agent system based microgrid energy management framework to balance the energy supply and demand by feasibly integrating the distributed energy storage and demand response (DR). The main contribution of this paper is an energy management system which schedules the operation of distributed energy storage systems (DESSs) and DR loads based on the day-ahead forecast data to minimise the energy mismatches in the system by taking the preferences set by the owners and life depletion costs of DESSs. The target schedule prepared based on the forecast information is adjusted in real-time to compromise the uncertainties and forecast errors. Besides scheduling the energy resources, the proposed management systems organises an energy spot market to settle the energy demand and supply quotes of end-users and distributed generators (DGs). The developed multi-agent systems is applied to a microgrid case study to verify its performance. The simulation results and their analysis suggest that the proposed microgrid energy management system is effective in managing the energy under uncertainties.