Model-based generation of low distortion currents in grid-coupled PWM-inverters using an LCL output filter

In this paper, a single phase inductance–capacitance– inductance (LCL) output stage for grid coupled inverters is designed and built. An accurate model and observer of the output filter and the distorted grid voltage are implemented. The paper deals with the construction of a 14-state model, and the feedback control loop to obtain adequate closed loop response. Simulations indicate a good performance of the controller, with a total harmonic current distortion (THD) below 1%. Experimental results confirm simulations, and illustrate the correct operation of the Kalman observer to estimate the distorted grid voltage (THD 3%). The observer only uses the inverter current measurement as input. The output filter effectively reduces the pulsewidth modulation harmonics in the grid current.