Discrete event simulation of green supply chain with traffic congestion factor

Reduction of Carbon-Dioxide (CO2) emission has been a global challenge in strategic supply-chain decision making for many companies. This paper focuses on the transportation sector of the supply chain since it is a significant contributor to CO2 emissions. To reduce CO
₂
emissions, previous studies have focused on mathematical models, government policies that affect CO
₂
emission and optimizing results. This article will focus on the impact of traffic congestion on CO
₂
emission by means of simulating vehicle movement on the roads. A design of experiments was created in which thirty-two scenarios were tested using ARENA. The experiment focused on factors such as synchronization or desynchronization of traffic lights, mode of dispatch rates, and route configurations. Results revealed that the synchronization of traffic lights at each junction and the distribution of dispatched trucks would increase the amount of CO
₂
emissions significantly.