Robot-based forest fire detection and extinguishing model

Forests are important part of the ecosystem and play a significant role to preserve and maintain the environment. The main hazard is the forest fires because its consequences are terrible in nature. Therefore, there is a need to detect fire and extinguish before it spreads to destroy the resources. For this purpose, Forest Fire Detection and Extinguishing Algorithm (FFDEA) using Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (WSANs) is proposed in this work to detect and extinguish fire. Temperature sensors are used to detect and actors to extinguish the fire. The actors are deployed randomly in the forests forming clusters. Clustering, sleep/active schedule and idle/working modes, is used to minimize consumption of energy. WSANs are modeled using graph theory for semi-formal representation of the model. Logical architecture of the system is presented which helped to develop algorithm and it is then transformed into an equivalent formal model using Vienna Development Method-Specification Language (VDM-SL). The model is analyzed through various existing techniques in VDM-SL Toolbox to prove its correctness.