Frequency Chirp Supported Complex Modulation of Directly Modulated Lasers

The frequency chirp of the directly modulated lasers (DML) has long been regarded as the performance barrier preventing the DML from being employed in high-speed optical transmissions. In contrast, we regard the chirp as the combination of intensity modulation (IM) and frequency modulation in this paper. By utilizing coherent detection which provides a wavelength reference by the local oscillator, FM can be converted to phase modulation via time integral. Namely, we realize a 2 dimensional complex modulation (CM) using a single DML. The channel of a complex modulation of directly modulated lasers (CM-DML) is convolutional due to the integral operation. The maximum likelihood sequence estimation can be applied for demodulation. CM-DML offers more than 10-dB system OSNR sensitivity advantages over the conventional IM-DML using coherent detection, which shrinks the sensitivity penalty to <;6 dB compared to the QPSK at 7% FEC threshold. Using CM-DML, we experimentally demonstrate the first dual polarization (DP) PAM-4 signal over >1000-km transmission of the standard single mode fiber. This reach record of the optical PAM reveals the great potentials of the CM-DML to replace the commercialized DP-QPSK products for medium reach applications.