Effect of cracking and aggregation on the efficiency of DSSC

Different synthesis protocols have been developed to control TiO
₂
anatase nanoparticle aggregation and cracks formation within the film formed by this nanoparticle. The diameter of TiO
₂
packing aggregate varies from 13nm to 100nm. Efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) fabricated with the obtained TiO
₂
packing aggregate films was reported to depend on the size of the packing aggregate and cracks formation. This effect was discussed in terms of a balance between adsorbing amount of dye molecules, cracks free and the efficiency of electron transfer.