Effects of Vibration on a Wing-Mounted Ice-Sounding Antenna Array

Airborne sounding of ice sheets requires large, wing-mounted antenna arrays to effectively filter and suppress the surface clutter that often masks weak bed echoes. However, when a high-sensitivity antenna array is mounted to the wings of an aircraft, the array is subjected to structural dynamics and subsequent deformation. We measured the response of a scaled wing-mounted array when excited at four different vibration frequencies to characterize the effects of airframe vibration on array beamforming and received radar signals. We determined that phase and amplitude errors caused by the expected vibration from the aircraft do not significantly degrade the radiation pattern when the Chebyshev or minimum-variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformers are used. In the case of the Chebyshev-weighted array, vibrations did not cause pattern sidelobes to vary by more than 1.5 dB. In the case of the minimum-variance-distortionless-response-weighted array, vibrations did cause pattern nulls to shift and decrease in depth, but these pattern distortions were negligible, and did not significantly degrade clutter suppression. In addition, we were able to identify the frequency of vibration as well as the frequency of local structural modes by taking the FFT of the signal's phase.